WORD ORDER in declarative statements
Word order is very important in English; but it is not complicated, and can be reduced to a few basic rules or principles.
Word order is very important in English; but it is not complicated, and can be reduced to a few basic rules or principles.
- I (S) bought (V) a new computer (O).
- She (S) doesn't like (V) dogs (O).
- Why did you (S) do (V) that (O)?
·
In a normal
(declarative) sentence, the subject of a sentence comes directly in
front of the verb. The direct object (when there is one) comes
directly after it:
Examples: The man wrote a letter.
People who live in glasshouses shouldn't throw stones.
The president laughed.
Examples: The man wrote a letter.
People who live in glasshouses shouldn't throw stones.
The president laughed.
·
Note that by
the subject, we mean not just a single word, but the subject noun or
pronoun plus descriptive phrases that go with it. The rest of the sentence -
i.e. the part that is not the subject - is called the predicate.
Example:People who live in glasshouses shouldn't throw stones.
Example:People who live in glasshouses shouldn't throw stones.
·
If a sentence has any other parts to it
- indirect objects, adverbs or adverb phrases - these usually
come in the following places:
§ The position of the indirect
object
The indirect object follows the direct object when it is formed with the preposition to:
The indirect object comes in front of the direct object if to is omitted
Example: The doctor gave some medicine to the child.
or: The doctor gave the child some medicine.
The indirect object follows the direct object when it is formed with the preposition to:
The indirect object comes in front of the direct object if to is omitted
Example: The doctor gave some medicine to the child.
or: The doctor gave the child some medicine.
§ Adverbs or adverb phrases can come in three possible places:
- Before the subject (Notably with common adverbs or adverb phrases)
Example: Yesterday the man wrote a letter.
- After the object (Virtually any adverb or adverb phrase can be placed here)
Example: The man wrote a letter on his computer in the train.
- In the middle of the verb group. (Notably with short common adverbs)
Example The manhas already written his letter
- Before the subject (Notably with common adverbs or adverb phrases)
Example: Yesterday the man wrote a letter.
- After the object (Virtually any adverb or adverb phrase can be placed here)
Example: The man wrote a letter on his computer in the train.
- In the middle of the verb group. (Notably with short common adverbs)
Example The manhas already written his letter
·
In standard
English, nothing usually comes between the subject and the
verb, or between the verb and the object.
There are a few exceptions. The most important of these are adverbs of frequency and indirect objects without to.
Example: The man often wrote his mother a letter.
I sometimes give my dog a bone.
There are a few exceptions. The most important of these are adverbs of frequency and indirect objects without to.
Example: The man often wrote his mother a letter.
I sometimes give my dog a bone.
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